An easy mapo tofu recipe that creates the authentic taste of China that features soft tofu cooked in a rich, spicy, and savory sauce that is full of aroma. Serve it over steamed rice for a quick, delicious and healthy weekday dinner!
Mapo tofu (麻婆豆腐, ma po dou fu) is one of the most popular dishes from Sichuan cuisine. The tofu pieces are braised in a rich spicy, and savory sauce along with fresh garlic and scallions, with a small amount of ground pork to enhance the flavor. The dish is so appetizing and it goes perfectly with steamed rice.
Cooking mapo tofu is quite easy but you do need a few special ingredients to get the authentic flavor. I’m sharing my favorite mapo tofu recipe below. It creates the very authentic taste that you’d get at a restaurant in China. However, based on this recipe, you can easily tweak the dish according to your preferences.
Key ingredients for Mapo Tofu
Doubanjiang
Doubanjiang (豆瓣酱), also known as spicy fermented bean paste or broad bean sauce, is the most important ingredient in mapo tofu. And it has a strong fermented savory, salty and spicy taste. Try to find “Pixian Broad Bean Paste” at your Asian market. Pixian is a small county in Sichuan province that produces the best broad bean paste. If you’re using this brand, you’re already halfway there. You can also purchase this brand on Amazon here.
NOTE: Depending on the brand of Doubanjiang you use, the salt and spiciness level can vary a lot. This dish is designed to be served with rice, so it’s on the salty side. If you want to make your dish less salty and spicy, reduce the amount of Doubanjiang (to 2 tablespoons).
Sichuan peppercorns
Sichuan peppercorn (花椒, hua jiao) is another main ingredient in any Sichuan dishes. It has a citrusy taste with a numbing tingling sensation when you chew on it. It’s a secret to add aroma to your dish that no other ingredient can replace. You can purchase Sichuan peppercorns at Asian grocery stores, but I highly recommend these premium fresh ones from The Mala Market.
Homemade chili oil
The other important ingredient is chili oil (辣椒油). Although you can purchase bottled chili oil at the grocery store, I highly recommend you make it at home. Freshly cooked chili oil tastes much better than store-bought and is free of additives. You only need a few minutes to cook it and it is really easy. You can find an easy chili oil recipe here. And if you prefer to purchase it instead of making your own, you can also find it on Amazon.
PS. You will usually cook more chili oil than you’re able to use in one meal. You can store the extra oil in an airtight container in the fridge for 6 months up to a year. You can use the chili oil in various dishes, including bang bang chicken, dan dan noodles, Sichuan spicy wonton in red oil, and Fu Qi Fei Pian (Sliced beef in hot sauce). You can also add it into a dipping sauce for potstickers, or add it to wonton soup to enhance the flavor, or even put it on oatmeal!
It might look like you need so many specialty ingredients for this one dish. But trust me, if you love Sichuan food, you’ll be using them again and again.
How to cook mapo tofu
Once you gather the ingredients, making mapo tofu is a super easy process.
- Fry the Sichuan peppercorns in the oil to infuse the aroma
- Cook the ground pork with doubanjiang
- Once the pork is cooked, add the green onions and stir a few times
- Add the broth and braise with the cover on
- Drizzle in the cornstarch slurry to thicken the sauce
That’s it! I think this is one of the easiest Sichuan recipes and the result is super rewarding 🙂
Tips on cooking with Sichuan peppercorns
Sichuan peppercorn is a crucial ingredient and it really enhances the flavor of the dish.
Again, I highly recommend using a high quality fresh brand such as the ones from The Mala Market.
The most common approach is to fry the Sichuan peppercorns in the hot oil to infuse the flavor, then you remove the peppercorns so you won’t accidentally chew on it and feel numb for 10 minutes. Once fried, Sichuan peppercorns will become much milder. You can grind it up and use it to garnish your dish later, to add more flavor if you prefer.
Alternatively, you can use ground up fresh Sichuan peppercorn. I recently got the Sichuan peppercorn grinder from The Mala Market and really enjoyed it. Instead of using whole peppercorn, you can grind a small amount and add it during the cooking or at the end to add flavor. If you have this product on hand, you can add 1/4 teaspoon ground Sichuan peppercorn at the time you add the ground pork. This is such a fast and easy way to use Sichuan peppercorn.
When you use super fresh Sichuan peppercorn, the flavor is super pungent and you might not need to use a lot. For example, if you just purchased a bag from The Mala market, you probably only need about half of the amount indicated in this recipe. The longer you store the Sichuan peppercorns, for example, a few months to a year, they will gradually lose fragrance and you will need to use more.
Frequently asked questions
There is no correct answer to this, and you should choose what works best for you.
Some Chinese restaurants, including many in China, prefer to use soft or silken tofu to make this dish. It creates a very silky tofu texture that melts in your mouth. This method does require some experience in handling tofu, so you won’t break apart the very delicate silken tofu while cutting and cooking.
On the other hand, you can also use extra firm, firm or medium tofu for this dish. These types of tofu are much easier to handle. Plus, once you braise it in the rich spicy sauce, it absorbs a lot of flavor and tastes great.
Not at all! I found it’s easiest to cook mapo tofu in a nonstick pan. The tofu will sit flat in the broth and absorb all the flavor. Not to mention it won’t stick to the pan easily or fall apart when you stir it.
Doubanjiang usually contains fermented wheat, which is not gluten-free. Unfortunately I hadn’t found a great tasting gluten-free doubanjiang at the time of writing this post.
There is a Japanese brand doubanjiang that’s gluten-free and I see it quite often at Asian markets and on Amazon. Compared to the Chinese brand, this one is quite salty and has less fermented taste. If you decide to use this one for your mapo tofu, you should reduce the amount (to 2 tablespoons) so your dish won’t end up too spicy and salty.
I have a vegan mapo tofu here that tastes super flavorful and great!
How to serve mapo tofu
I love cooking mapo tofu for a quick lunch or dinner and serving it over steamed rice. Sometimes I double the meat and sauce, so it will be enough to serve two people as a one-dish meal. I also like to add a handful of greens (spinach, garlic chives, or other tender greens such as chopped up baby bok choy) at the end of braising before adding the cornstarch, to create a more nutritious and balanced meal. Sometimes I also replace the ground pork (used in the authentic version) with ground turkey to cut calories.
For special diets, you can make it less spicy and skip the rice so it will be paleo-friendly. You can also make it into a vegan dish by replacing the meat with mushrooms.
Yes, mapo tofu is such a versatile dish!
Other Sichuan dishes to make a full-on Sichuan feast
- Dan Dan Noodles (担担面)
- Chinese Bang Bang Chicken (棒棒鸡)
- Stir-Fried Pea Shoots with Garlic (蒜蓉炒豆苗)
- Chinese Garlic Green Beans
- Shui Zhu Yu (Sichuan Boiled Fish, 水煮鱼)
- Chinese Pickled Cabbage (A Quick Pickle Recipe)
Authentic Mapo Tofu (麻婆豆腐)
Ingredients
Marinating
- 4 oz (113 g) ground pork (or chicken, or turkey) (*Footnote 1)
- 2 teaspoons Shaoxing wine (or dry sherry)
- 1 teaspoon light soy sauce
- 1/2 teaspoon minced ginger
For braising
- 1 teaspoon cornstarch (optional) (*Footnote 2)
- 2 teaspoons Sichuan peppercorns , increase to 3 teaspoons if you like your dish extra numbing, or reduce to 1 teaspoon if your Sichuan peppercorns are extra fresh
- 1 tablespoon peanut oil (or vegetable oil)
- 3 tablespoons Doubanjiang , reduce to 2 tablespoons for a less saltier and less spicy taste
- 2 green onion , chopped
- 1 block (396 g) firm or medium firm tofu , cut into 1.5cm (1/2 inch) squares
- 1 cup (240 ml) chicken stock (or water)
- 2 teaspoons homemade chili oil (*Footnote 3)
- 1/4 teaspoon five-spice powder
- 1 teaspoon sugar (or to taste)
Instructions
- Combine ground meat, cooking wine, soy sauce, and ginger in a small bowl. Mix well.
- Combine cornstarch with 1 tablespoon of water in a small bowl. Mix well and set aside.
- Heat the oil and Sichuan peppercorns in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. When the Sichuan peppercorns turn dark brown and crispy, scoop them out with a spatula and transfer into a bowl layered with paper towels to soak extra oil. Save to use for garnishing the dish (Optional).
- Add the ground meat and Doubanjiang. Cook over medium heat and chop the ground meat into small bits with a spatula, until pork is evenly coated with Doubanjiang and fully cooked through. Add green onion and stir fry for another minute.
- Spread tofu evenly on top of ground pork (*Footnote 4). Add chili oil, five-spice powder, and sugar. Pour in the broth and cook until brought to a simmer. Simmer, covered, over medium-low heat for 8 to 10 minutes, or until the sauce has reduced to half the original amount. Taste the tofu with some broth (be careful, it will be very hot!). Adjust seasoning by adding salt if needed. If the dish is too spicy, add another teaspoon of sugar to balance it out. Gently mix well with spatula.
- (Optional) Meanwhile, grind the fried Sichuan peppercorns (you used when heating up the oil) in a coffee grinder or using mortar and pestle.
- Mix cornstarch water again until fully dissolved and swirl it into the skillet. Gently stir a few times with a spatula, until sauce thickens. Turn off heat and transfer everything to a bowl.
- Garnish with extra green onion and a small pinch of the ground Sichuan peppercorns, if using (*Footnote 5), if using. Serve hot over steamed rice or by itself as main.
Notes
- You can skip the meat and make this dish vegetarian. In this case, I highly recommend replacing the meat with mushrooms (such as rehydrated dried shiitake mushrooms) to enhance flavor.
- If you like the tofu with more broth, you can braise the tofu for a shorter time and use the cornstarch slurry to thicken the broth. Alternatively, you can uncover and braise until most of the liquid evaporates. The tofu will absorb more flavor this way.
- You can also pour on more chili oil for the restaurant look!
- Do not stir the tofu immediately after adding it into the skillet, in order to keep the pieces from breaking apart. The tofu will get firmer after braising and you can stir it once it’s cooked.
- The Sichuan peppercorns add a numbing nutty aroma to the dish. The fried Sichuan peppercorns have a more rounded body so it works great for garnishing the dish or in a salad. You only need a small amount in this recipe to finish up the dish. Store the rest in an airtight container, no longer than a month.
Video
Nutrition
The recipe was posted in Sep 7, 2015, and updated on May 23, 2022 with new graphics.
Delicious!!
Authentic, So Yummy! I have traveled all around China and other Asian countries and mapo tofu is hard to find in restaurants here in the US. When I do find it, 9 times out of 10 it isn’t as good. So I decided to try making it myself. I saw lots of recipes and decided a few years ago to go with this one. And I am SO GLAD I did! It tasted like I remembered having it in China. So delicious! I have now made it for several years many times. I absolutely LOVE it! Highly highly recommend. Now I see its been updated this year with more pictures so I will follow again as per the updates. Now I will try out the Congee and other recipes. I am so happy for you and your site thank you SO MUCH for your expertise, excellent directions, and delicious recipes!!!! Big fan!
This was my first ever attempt at Mapo Tofu. So good, I can’t imagine trying another recipe for fear of disappointment
This was tasty and outside of the typical Chinese restaurant food. I substituted chili oil with fermented soy beans and black bean garlic sauce? Tasted good! Can’t stop with your wonderful recipes. Had this with Chinese garlic eggplant, my absolute favorite. And grilled pork(not all vegetarians). Thanks!
Hi Maggie. This looks great: thanks for posting it! One question – the dish LOOKS like it has black beans in it but they’re not listed in the ingredients. Are the black beans part of the doubanjiang?
Hi Nick, this recipe does not use black bean sauce. The dark beans are the ones from doubanjiang.
That being said, it is very delicious to add black bean sauce to the dish if you have any on hands. I would replace 1 tablespoon doubanjiang for black bean sauce.
I really like how you cook, simple and fun.
Have made this recipe several times; last night was the latest time, and the best.
I used firm tofu and browned it in the oven for 45 minutes. Added it to the sauce and braised for another 15 minutes bi find the doubanjiang sauce to be excessive in terms of salt, so I adjusted it accordingly. I used your recipe for chili oil, and it was great, in moderation. I served this with brown rice and steamed broccoli. Very tasty! Thank you for your authentic tastes of China. I am a regular fan b
First success with tofu! Not a vegetarian, but I did the dish that way. Took a note from another vid about tofu; you have to get the water out, otherwise, it won’t absorb flavor. Even with extra firm, squeezing means the curd will break, so, I took a hint from another chef; freeze it; that will pull out the moisture. Not sure if this made the dish work, but it I’d bet on it!
Pixian bean paste not supplied by Amazon any more (Europe)
Everytime I pull myself together, and actually*follow* one of your recipes – I get amazed. Although, I didn’t have authentic Sichuan peppercorns, I still made it work, and it was incredible. How would’ve thought that I could be making traditional Sichuanese cuisine in my humble Danish kitchen.
PS: even my potato-eating, spice-phobic Danish mom, enjoyed this meal, yay!
Winner! Awesome dish, easy to follow instructions.
I made this for my wife and we both really liked it. I found it a bit salty which is likely due to the salted wine (I didn’t have unsalted on hand) and the Lee Kum Kee doubanjiang. We both agreed that it seems to need something to brighten it up a touch, but I’m not sure what. We put a bit of lemon juice on it afterwards and that seemed to help though it’s still not quite right.
Other than that, it’s the first dish where I actually liked tofu!
Tasty and easy to follow. Although I used the lesser amount of Doubanjiang and more pork.
If I would have done iy “my way” I would have added the cooking wine and soy sauce after braising the pork.
This recipe was absolutely delicious! I’ve never like tofu before, but I think this recipe changed my mind.
I make this recipe practically once a week, I love it so much! It’s so easy to cook with a relatively small amount of prep time. You just need a few specialty ingredients and you’re basically set. Awesome job!
I made this without the pork and it was fire! And it was just as quick as the recipe said
Wonderful recipe!! I have a texture thing with the slippery tofu, one of our Asian shops sells fried tofu in baggies as well as homemade kimshi .. the tofu is very firm, ( I just eat it out of the bag!). So I make the dish and add tofu towards the end of the sauce reduction to keep the firmness. Thank you!
This recipe rocks. It’s pretty much exactly how I remember it tasting in China. I wouldn’t change a single thing about the recipe.
This was ohhhh so good! The only substitutions I made was I replaced pork with plant based pork (and it worked wonderfully!! I also used a sugar substitute instead of sugar. It wasn’t as spicy as I thought it would be. OH I also did not have homemade chili oil and used store bought. Despite these changes, it was so very delicious and I cannot wait to make it again!! Thank you!
Coming from sauce packets, this is like a door into a whole another world. Very tempting 🙂