Combine shrimp, Shaoxing wine, salt, and black pepper in a big bowl. Mix well and marinate for 5 to 10 minutes.
Add the flour and water. Stir to mix well. The batter should be like a pancake batter, slightly runny but thick enough to coat the shrimp. Prepare a baking tray topped with a cooling rack.
Heat 1/2 inch (1.5 cm) vegetable oil in large nonstick pan over medium-high heat until hot. To test the oil temperature, insert a wooden chopstick into the oil. When you see small bubbles rapidly rise around the chopstick, it’s ready for frying. Fry shrimp in 3 to 4 batches. Coat shrimp with the batter and gently place in hot oil. Cook until the bottom side turns golden brown. Flip and fry until the other side until golden brown, 1 to 2 minutes per side. Transfer the shrimp to the cooling rack.
Serve hot. Squeeze with lemon juice, and serve with any preferred sauces on the side.